![[APACHE DOCUMENTATION]](../images/sub.gif) 
 _default_ vhosts
ServerPath directive
Server configuration:
    ...
    Port 80
    DocumentRoot /www/domain
    ServerName www.domain.tld
    <VirtualHost 111.22.33.55>
    DocumentRoot /www/otherdomain
    ServerName www.otherdomain.tld
    ...
    </VirtualHost>
    
    www.otherdomain.tld can only be reached through the
    address 111.22.33.55, while www.domain.tld
    can only be reached through 111.22.33.44
    (which represents our main server).
    
Server configuration:
    ...
    Port 80
    ServerName server.domain.tld
    
    <VirtualHost 111.22.33.44>
    DocumentRoot /www/domain
    ServerName www.domain.tld
    ...
    </VirtualHost>
    <VirtualHost 111.22.33.55>
    DocumentRoot /www/otherdomain
    ServerName www.otherdomain.tld
    ...
    </VirtualHost>
    
    The main server can never catch a request, because all IP addresses
    of our machine are in use for IP-based virtual hosts
    (only localhost requests can hit the main server).
    
Server configuration:
    ...
    Port 80
    Listen 111.22.33.44:80
    Listen 111.22.33.55:8080
    ServerName server.domain.tld
    
    <VirtualHost 111.22.33.44:80>
    DocumentRoot /www/domain
    ServerName www.domain.tld
    ...
    </VirtualHost>
    <VirtualHost 111.22.33.55:8080>
    ServerName www-cache.domain.tld
    ...
      <Directory proxy:>
      order deny,allow
      deny from all
      allow from 111.22.33
      </Directory>
    </VirtualHost>
    
    The main server can never catch a request, because all IP addresses
    (apart from localhost) of our machine are in use for IP-based
    virtual hosts. The web server can only be reached on the first address
    through port 80 and the proxy only on the second address through port 8080.
    Server configuration:
    ...
    Port 80
    ServerName server.domain.tld
    NameVirtualHost 111.22.33.44 
    <VirtualHost 111.22.33.44>
    DocumentRoot /www/domain
    ServerName www.domain.tld
    ...
    </VirtualHost>
    
    <VirtualHost 111.22.33.44>
    DocumentRoot /www/subdomain
    ServerName www.sub.domain.tld
    ...
    </VirtualHost> 
    
    Apart from localhost there are no unspecified
    addresses/ports, therefore the main server only serves
    localhost requests. Due to the fact
    that www.domain.tld has the highest priority
    it can be seen as the default or
    primary server.
    
Server configuration:
... Port 80 ServerName www.domain.tld DocumentRoot /www/domain NameVirtualHost 111.22.33.55 <VirtualHost 111.22.33.55> DocumentRoot /www/otherdomain ServerName www.otherdomain.tld ... </VirtualHost> <VirtualHost 111.22.33.55> DocumentRoot /www/subdomain ServerName www.sub.domain.tld ServerAlias *.sub.domain.tld ... </VirtualHost>Any request to an address other than 111.22.33.55 will be served from the main server. A request to 111.22.33.55 with an unknown or noHost:header will be served from www.otherdomain.tld.
Server configuration:
    ...
    Port 80
    ServerName server.domain.tld
    NameVirtualHost 111.22.33.44
    <VirtualHost 111.22.33.44>
    DocumentRoot /www/domain
    ServerName www.domain.tld
    ...
    </VirtualHost>
   
    <VirtualHost 111.22.33.44>
    DocumentRoot /www/subdomain1
    ServerName www.sub1.domain.tld
    ...
    </VirtualHost> 
    
    <VirtualHost 111.22.33.44>
    DocumentRoot /www/subdomain2
    ServerName www.sub2.domain.tld
    ...
    </VirtualHost> 
 
    <VirtualHost 111.22.33.55>
    DocumentRoot /www/otherdomain1
    ServerName www.otherdomain1.tld
    ...
    </VirtualHost> 
    
    <VirtualHost 111.22.33.66>
    DocumentRoot /www/otherdomain2
    ServerName www.otherdomain2.tld
    ...
    </VirtualHost>     
    Server configuration:
    ...
    Listen 80
    Listen 8080
    ServerName www.domain.tld
    DocumentRoot /www/domain
    <VirtualHost 111.22.33.44:8080>
    DocumentRoot /www/domain2
    ...
    </VirtualHost>
    
    A request to www.domain.tld on port 80 is served
    from the main server and a request to port 8080 is served from
    the virtual host.
    _default_ vhostsServer configuration:
... <VirtualHost _default_:*> DocumentRoot /www/default ... </VirtualHost>Using such a default vhost with a wildcard port effectively prevents any request going to the main server.
A default vhost never serves a request that was sent to an address/port that is used for name-based vhosts. If the request contained an unknown or noHost:header it is always served from the primary name-based vhost (the vhost for that address/port appearing first in the configuration file).
You can useAliasMatchorRewriteRuleto rewrite any request to a single information page (or script).
_default_ vhost for port 80.
    Server configuration:
    ...
    <VirtualHost _default_:80>
    DocumentRoot /www/default80
    ...
    </VirtualHost>
    
    <VirtualHost _default_:*>
    DocumentRoot /www/default
    ...
    </VirtualHost>    
    
    The default vhost for port 80 (which must appear before
    any default vhost with a wildcard port) catches all requests that
    were sent to an unspecified IP address. The main server is
    never used to serve a request.
    
Server configuration:
    ...
    <VirtualHost _default_:80>
    DocumentRoot /www/default
    ...
    </VirtualHost>
    
    A request to an unspecified address on port 80 is served from the
    default vhost any other request to an unspecified address and port
    is served from the main server.
    VirtualHost directive.
    Server configuration:
    ...
    Port 80
    ServerName www.domain.tld
    DocumentRoot /www/domain
    NameVirtualHost 111.22.33.55
    <VirtualHost 111.22.33.55 111.22.33.66>
    DocumentRoot /www/otherdomain
    ServerName www.otherdomain.tld
    ...
    </VirtualHost>
   
    <VirtualHost 111.22.33.55>
    DocumentRoot /www/subdomain
    ServerName www.sub.domain.tld
    ServerAlias *.sub.domain.tld
    ...
    </VirtualHost>
    
    The vhost can now be accessed through the new address (as an IP-based
    vhost) and through the old address (as a name-based vhost).
    ServerPath directiveHost: header.
    Old HTTP/1.0 clients do not send such a header and Apache has no clue
    what vhost the client tried to reach (and serves the request from
    the primary vhost). To provide as much backward compatibility
    as possible we create a primary vhost which returns a single page
    containing links with an URL prefix to the name-based virtual hosts.
    Server configuration:
... NameVirtualHost 111.22.33.44 <VirtualHost 111.22.33.44> # primary vhost DocumentRoot /www/subdomain RewriteEngine On RewriteRule ^/.* /www/subdomain/index.html ... </VirtualHost> <VirtualHost 111.22.33.44> DocumentRoot /www/subdomain/sub1 ServerName www.sub1.domain.tld ServerPath /sub1/ RewriteEngine On RewriteRule ^(/sub1/.*) /www/subdomain$1 ... </VirtualHost> <VirtualHost 111.22.33.44> DocumentRoot /www/subdomain/sub2 ServerName www.sub2.domain.tld ServerPath /sub2/ RewriteEngine On RewriteRule ^(/sub2/.*) /www/subdomain$1 ... </VirtualHost>Due to theServerPathdirective a request to the URL http://www.sub1.domain.tld/sub1/ is always served from the sub1-vhost.
A request to the URL http://www.sub1.domain.tld/ is only served from the sub1-vhost if the client sent a correctHost:header. If noHost:header is sent the client gets the information page from the primary host.
Please note that there is one oddity: A request to http://www.sub2.domain.tld/sub1/ is also served from the sub1-vhost if the client sent noHost:header.
TheRewriteRuledirectives are used to make sure that a client which sent a correctHost:header can use both URL variants, i.e., with or without URL prefix.
 
